What are the parameters of lifepo4 battery?Lifepo4 battery parameters are mainly divided into two types, one is the parameters of the battery itself, and the other is the finished battery.
1. Lifepo4 battery cell parameters
The important parameters of lifepo4 battery cells mainly include voltage, capacity and size. Others are the attributes of whether the cells belong to high rate cells, low temperature cells or conventional cells.
There are two voltage parameters of lifepo4 battery cells, one is a nominal voltage of 3.2V, and the other is a custom high-voltage cell with a voltage of 3.65V, which is a high-energy density type of cell.
The capacity of the cell has a certain relationship with the size of the volume. For the same type of cell, the capacity is large and the volume is small.
Read the parameter table of lifepo4 battery cells of Keheng new energy manufacturer to help you quickly understand the parameter knowledge:
12V LITHIUM BATTERY
36V LITHIUM BATTERY
As for the low temperature parameters of lifepo4 battery cells, it is mainly defined according to the temperature range of the low temperature environment of the application. The current, the amount of battery that can be effectively discharged, etc. are customized for reference, and there is no fixed data.
2. Lifepo4 battery parameters
As for the parameters of the finished lifepo4 battery, it is basically determined by the parameters and properties of the battery cells. For example, in terms of battery application properties, if it is a low-temperature battery, then the finished battery is a low-temperature battery. If it is a high-rate battery, then it is High rate discharge battery.
The finished battery is composed of a certain number of cells connected in series and parallel by welding and then added with a battery holder, a battery protection board and a shell. It can be used directly in the application equipment. After the series and parallel connection, the voltage and capacity can be changed. Large, can meet the needs of larger electrical equipment.
For example, an electrical device requires a battery voltage of 36V or higher. If a single cell is used, it cannot be done, and it can only be achieved by connecting multiple cells in series.
If you want to keep the voltage constant and just want the current to increase, it can be achieved by connecting multiple cells in parallel.
From the above analysis, lifepo4 battery parameters are mainly determined by cell parameters, that is to say, lifepo4 battery cell voltage is determined, 3.2V or 3.65V, and the capacity of a single cell is also limited. It is below 20000mAh; but the voltage and capacity of the finished battery can be customized according to needs.
Key Specifications of LiFePO4 Batteries
The LiFePO4 battery, called the lithium iron phosphate battery, is renowned for its extraordinary efficiency features and durable safety functions. Below are the crucial requirements that define this kind of battery:
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Chemistry | Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4) |
| Nominal Voltage | 3.2 V per cell |
| Typical Capacity | 600mAh to 10000mAh or higher |
| Power Density | 90-110 Wh/kg |
| Cycle Life | 2000 to 5000 cycles |
| Operating Temperature Range | -20 ° C |
| To 60 ° C Charging Temperature | Range 0 ° C |
| To 45 ° C Releasing Temperature Range | -20 ° C |
| To 60 ° C Billing | Method CC/CV (Constant Current/Constant Voltage) |
The small voltage of a LiFePO4 cell is normally 3.2 volts, making it ideal for various applications, from tiny mobile gadgets to large-scale power storage space systems. The capability of these batteries can vary considerably, ranging from 600mAh to over 10000mAh, enabling flexibility in style and usage.
Regarding power density, LiFePO4 batteries offer 90-110 Wh/kg, which, while reduced than some other lithium-ion batteries, is balanced out by their exceptional cycle life and safety. With a cycle life of 2000 to 5000 cycles, these batteries are made for long life and sturdiness.
Likewise, the operational temperature level variety is a considerable requirement, with LiFePO4 batteries carrying out well between -20 ° C and 60 ° C. This large temperature level array improves its usability in numerous ecological conditions. Billing and releasing temperatures are meticulously specified to ensure optimum efficiency and safety.
Lastly, the billing method for LiFePO4 batteries commonly entails a continuous current/constant voltage (CC/CV) technique, which ensures reliable and safe billing cycles.
Voltage Range and Operating Voltage
The voltage array and operating voltage of LiFePO4 batteries are essential specifications that dramatically affect their efficiency and viability for different applications. A single LiFePO4 cell usually has a nominal voltage of 3.2 volts. This nominal voltage is slightly less than other lithium-ion chemistries, which generally float around 3.6 to 3.7 volts per cell.
Regarding the voltage array, LiFePO4 cells have a maximum charge voltage of 3.65 volts and a minimum discharge voltage of 2.0 volts. It is necessary to stick to these limits to prevent damaging the battery and to guarantee its durability. Operating the battery within this voltage range assists in preserving its ability. It avoids problems such as overcharging or deep discharging, which can lead to reduced cycle life and even failure.
The operating voltage of a LiFePO4 battery pack, made up of several cells, depends on the variety of cells attached to the collection. For example, a standard 12V LiFePO4 battery pack comprises 4 cells in series, leading to a small voltage of 12.8 volts (4 x 3.2 V). Throughout charging, the voltage can rise to 14.6 volts (4 x 3.65 V), while during discharge, it can drop to around 8 volts (4 x 2.0 V).
Keeping the appropriate voltage array and running voltage is essential for the safety and efficiency of LiFePO4 batteries. Battery administration systems (BMS) are typically used to keep track of and regulate these specifications, ensuring that each cell within the battery pack operates within the risk-free voltage limitations. This enhances the performance and prolongs the battery’s overall life expectancy.
Capacity and Energy Density
When considering the criteria of a LiFePO4 battery, two vital aspects are ability and power thickness.
Capacity
The capacity of a LiFePO4 battery is usually gauged in ampere-hours (Ah). This parameter suggests the overall charge a battery can supply at a specific voltage over a set duration. LiFePO4 batteries commonly exhibit a series of abilities, which can be shown in the following table:
| Battery Type | Ability (Ah) |
|---|---|
| Small Cylindrical Cells | 1.1 – 2.3 Ah |
| Huge Cylindrical Cells | 10 – 100 Ah |
| Pouch Cells | 20 – 200 Ah |
Energy Density
Power thickness refers to the amount of energy stored in a battery family member and its weight or quantity. For LiFePO4 batteries, power density is essential because it affects the battery’s efficiency and practicality for portable applications. Energy thickness is generally determined in watt-hours per kg (Wh/kg) or per liter (Wh/L). The power thickness of LiFePO4 batteries typically ranges between 90-140 Wh/kg and 220-300 Wh/L, as summarized listed below:
| Measurement | Variety |
|---|---|
| Gravimetric Energy Density (Wh/kg) | 90 – 140 Wh/kg |
| Volumetric Energy Density (Wh/L) | 220 – 300 Wh/L |
Higher capabilities are desirable for longer runtimes, while higher energy thickness is crucial for minimizing the weight and size of mobile gadgets.
Cycle Life and Longevity
The cycle life of a LiFePO4 battery refers to the variety of total cost and discharge cycles the battery can undertake before its ability falls below a specified percent of its original ability, commonly 80%. Among the standout criteria of LiFePO4 batteries is their remarkable cycle life. These batteries can generally withstand 2,000 to 5,000 cycles or even more, depending upon the deepness of discharge (DoD), usage patterns, and environmental conditions. This long life dramatically surpasses numerous other rechargeable batteries, such as lead-acid and typical lithium-ion batteries, which commonly have much shorter cycle lives.
The remarkable longevity of LiFePO4 batteries is credited to their robust chemical and structural stability. The olivine structure of the lithium iron phosphate cathode is highly secure, which contributes to decreased deterioration in time. This stability helps maintain performance and capability even after considerable cycling. Furthermore, the lower operating voltage of LiFePO4 cells reduces the stress and anxiety on the battery’s interior components, further prolonging its life.
Another variable adding to the enhanced cycle life of LiFePO4 batteries is their capacity to manage high discharge and cost rates without considerable efficiency deterioration. This ability is specifically advantageous in applications requiring fast energy shipment or replenishment. For example, in electric vehicles and renewable resource storage space systems, the capability to sustain a wide variety of cycles without significant loss of capacity guarantees dependability and effectiveness over lasting usage.
LiFePO4 batteries display a low self-discharge price, which suggests they preserve their charge for prolonged durations when not in use. This particular is for applications where batteries might require to remain idle for differing durations. The reduced self-discharge, high cycle life, and secure performance under different problems make LiFePO4 batteries a recommended selection for an extensive range of required applications.
Billing and Discharging Rates
One of the essential parameters of LiFePO4 batteries is their charging and discharging rates, which significantly influence their performance and application viability. These rates are usually considered C-rates, where 1C represents the battery being fully billed or released in one hour. For circumstances, a 1C charge price for a 100Ah battery would undoubtedly be 100A, indicating it would certainly take one hour to bill the battery.
LiFePO4 batteries are recognized for their capability to handle high billing and release prices without endangering their lifespan. Generally, they sustain billing prices as much as 1C to 3C and discharging rates ranging from 1C to 25C, depending upon the details layout and application needs. This makes them highly functional for demanding applications such as electric lorries (EVs) and eco-friendly energy storage.
To show, below’s a table summarizing standard charging and releasing rates:
| Parameter | Rate |
|---|---|
| Requirement Charging Rate | 0.5 C to 1C |
| Maximum Charging Rate | 1C to 3C |
| Requirement Discharging Rate | 1C |
| Optimum Discharging Rate | 10C to 25C |
Reliable billing needs adherence to specific voltage and current thresholds to maintain battery health and security. The billing process typically involves a constant present (CC) stage followed by a continuous voltage (CV) phase, guaranteeing the battery is credited its total capacity without overloading. Advanced battery management systems (BMS) are essential to manage these processes, offering defenses versus overcharging, overheating, and short circuits.
Similarly essential is the release price, which affects the battery’s performance and long life. High discharging prices can provide significant power promptly, which is crucial for applications calling for fast power release, such as in power devices and electric propulsion systems. Nevertheless, continual high-rate discharging can enhance warm generation and possible thermal monitoring concerns, necessitating robust air conditioning devices and safeguards.
Temperature range and thermal stability
Lithium Iron Phosphate batteries are known for their exceptional thermal stability, which is a major advantage over other lithium ion chemistries. Li-Iron Phosphate batteries generally operate over a wide temperature range, typically between -20 °C and 60 °C. This wide temperature range allows them to be used in a wide variety of applications.
The optimal operating temperature for LiFePO4 batteries is typically between 20 °C and 25 °C. However, it is important to note that the temperature of LiFePO4 batteries can be reduced in a wide range of temperatures. However, it is important to note that operation at higher temperatures, especially above 60 °C, can result in thermal runaway, a problem where the battery overheats wildly.
In colder environments, Li-FePO4 batteries will still maintain their functionality, but capacity and performance may be reduced. At temperatures below 0 °C, the conductivity of the electrolyte inside the battery decreases, affecting overall performance.
Lithium Iron Phosphate batteries are less susceptible to overheating and thermal runaway than other lithium-ion batteries such as Lithium Cobalt Acid (LCO) or Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Acid (NMC). The fundamental safety of the Li-FePO4 chemistry makes it an even safer choice, especially in applications where battery safety is critical.
In addition, lithium iron phosphate batteries contain built-in safety and security devices, including thermal cutoffs and stress safety valves, which further enhance their safety. These features help prevent catastrophic failure in the event of a thermal anomaly, ensuring that the battery remains safe in the face of a variety of problems.
Safety Features and Protections
One of the vital considerations when reviewing LiFePO4 batteries is their security functions and defenses. These batteries are renowned for their stability and robust safety account, which makes them a preferred option for various applications.
Inherent Safety Characteristics
LiFePO4 batteries inherently provide numerous safety advantages over other lithium-ion chemistries. The chemical framework of LiFePO4 is very stable, giving resistance to thermal runaway and minimizing the threat of fire and surge. This stability is a critical consideration in applications where security is paramount.
Overcharge Protection
Overcharging a battery can cause dangerous results, including getting too hot and possible fire risks. LiFePO4 batteries are outfitted with built-in overcharge protection mechanisms that stop the voltage from going beyond risk-free limitations. This is generally achieved using Battery Management Systems (BMS), which check and control the charging process.
Over-discharge Protection
To safeguard against over-discharge, which can damage the battery and minimize its life span, LiFePO4 batteries incorporate over-discharge defense. This function ensures that the battery voltage does not go down below a vital level, protecting the honesty of the cells and maintaining their efficiency with time.
Thermal Protection
Temperature variations can negatively influence battery performance, safety, and security. LiFePO4 batteries are created with thermal protection systems that keep an eye on and control temperature. These systems turn on air conditioning mechanisms or shut down the battery if it runs outside the secure temperature range, preventing thermal damage.
Short-Circuit Protection
Short circuits can cause fast discharges, leading to overheating and possible hazards. LiFePO4 batteries are outfitted with short-circuit protection attributes that identify and interrupt the existing circulation in case of a short circuit, ensuring the battery stays secure and operational.
Harmonizing Protection
Cell harmonizing is vital for preserving consistent voltage throughout all cells in a battery pack. LiFePO4 batteries use balancing circuits that match the charge throughout cells, preventing any solitary cell from coming to be overcharged or over-discharged. This security prolongs the battery’s life and boosts its security.
| Safety and security Feature | Function |
|---|---|
| Intrinsic Safety Characteristics | Resistance to thermal runaway and minimized fire threat |
| Overcharge Protection | Protects against voltage from going beyond secure limits |
| Over-discharge Protection | Maintains voltage over crucial levels |
| Thermal Protection | Controls temperature level to avoid thermal damage |
| Short-Circuit Protection | Detects and disrupts existing circulation basically circuits |
| Harmonizing Protection | Adjusts cost throughout cells |
Applications and Use Cases
LiFePO4 batteries are acknowledged for their convenience and dependability, making them suitable for many applications. One of the essential advantages of these batteries is their ability to provide stable and constant power, which is vital for many modern technologies. Below are some prominent applications and use instances where LiFePO4 batteries stand out:
Electric Vehicles (EVs)
LiFePO4 batteries are extensively used in electric vehicles due to their high safety, long cycle life, and outstanding thermal stability. These features are necessary for guaranteeing the security and dependability of EVs, especially in avoiding thermal runaway and improving the long life of the battery pack.
Renewable Resource Storage
In renewable resource systems, such as solar and wind power installments, LiFePO4 batteries act as efficient storage solutions. Their capability to handle constant cost and discharge cycles without considerable destruction makes them suitable for caring for the recurring nature of sustainable energy resources.
Marine Applications
LiFePO4 batteries are preferred in marine settings because of their resistance to extreme temperatures and vibrations. They supply reputable power for aquatic applications, including electrical propulsion systems, navigating tools, and onboard electronic devices.
Telecom
The telecommunications market counts on LiFePO4 batteries for backup power in cell towers and data centers. Their high energy thickness and lengthy cycle life guarantee that interaction networks stay functional throughout power interruptions.
Portable Power Systems
For portable power applications, such as camping gear, clinical devices, and emergency backup systems, LiFePO4 batteries offer a lightweight and trustworthy power resource. Their effectiveness and capability to supply consistent power results make them a preferred option for mobile power remedies.
Industrial Applications
In commercial settings, LiFePO4 batteries are used in various devices, including forklifts, automated LED vehicles (AGVs), and robotics. Their high discharge rates and sturdiness under hefty usage problems boost performance and minimize downtime in commercial procedures.
| Application | Secret Benefits |
|---|---|
| Electric Vehicles | High safety, lengthy cycle life, thermal security |
| Renewable Energy Storage | Regular charge/discharge cycles, low degradation |
| Marine Applications | Temperature level resistance, resonance resistance |
| Telecommunications | High power density, reliable backup power |
| Portable Power Systems | Lightweight, constant power result |
| Industrial Applications | High discharge prices, longevity |
In general, LiFePO4 batteries supply a mix of safety, performance, and longevity, making them suitable for various applications across numerous markets. Their ability to supply reliable power under various conditions emphasizes their relevance ahead of time to current and future innovations.
